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Speech, non-verbal communication and language are the ways by which human beings communicate. Speech disorders could affect any person. This could be in the form of person’s speech, language, cognition, voice and swallowing. Some common disorders observed in children include face learning difficulties, physical disabilities, language delay, specific difficulties in producing sounds, specific language impairment, cleft palate, hearing impairment, autism, stammering, dyslexia, social interaction difficulties, voice disorders and cerebral palsy. The common speech disorders as well as communication problems in adults result from stroke, Parkinson’s disease, head injury, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, dementia, Huntington’s disease, voice problems, cancer of the head, neck and throat, , learning difficulties, mental health issues stammering, physical disabilities, transgender voice and hearing impairment.

Speech disorders are disorder or impairment of language. This could be problems associated with semantics, grammar and other facets of language. This could be a result of receptive problems which involve impaired language comprehension. Or it may be problem in language production which are expressive problems. The sign language as well as the written and spoken language could be affected. The expressive as well as the receptive language could be affected by the specific language impairment. This is not a development or physical disorder. But this is purely a language impairment problem. The cause is the difficulties faced in acquiring language and in the use of the language. Problems related to understanding what others say or in using the language required in a social situation is a Semantic-Pragmatic Disorder or pragmatic language impairment. These are a result of developmental disorder. Autism or for that matter Asperger’s Syndrome could be the cause. Aphasia is yet another language disorder. There is impairment in speech and comprehension of speech but there is no loss of speech.

Physical and cognitive defects or disorders can be corrected with rehabilitative treatment. Speech-language pathologists or Speech and Language Therapists provide the speech therapy treatments and language intervention program.

Speech therapy is provided in community health centers, hospitals, mainstream and special schools, and private practice. Language Intervention for School-Age Students is a specialized approach to address the problems of this category of patients. The nature of the disorder and its severity will determine the type of treatment required. The treatment includes repetitive or instructive practice and drilling, exercise for physical strength, strategies to improve functional communication and use of audio-visual aids. Sign language or picture symbols are also used.

Communication is a part of our daily living. If you have speech disorders, don’t ever give up because there’s still hope through language intervention programs.

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